On the Genetic Constitution of Jersey Cattle, as Influenced by Inheritance and Environment.
نویسنده
چکیده
The high class dairy cow has taken its present form first because of its survival value in nature and second because of centuries of controlled breeding. In both instances the constitution toward which the breeding tended was approached without conscious knowledge of how inheritance was achieved. It was a case of evolution rather than exact breeding based on genetic factors and a known method of inheritance. Yet, after all, this is the way in which man and most of his economically important animals and plants evolved. It is significant to take such a population, analyze it for the mode of inheritance of the characters involved, and amount of heterozygosis which is now extant within the population, determine present distribution of this inheritance, and from this information formulate a picture of the forces which have been at work to guide the animal of today to its present form. The data of this paper and their analyses are presented as a contribution to the quantitative interpretation of this problem as far as it relates to Jersey cattle. The Island of Jersey lies in the English Channel, but a few miles from the French mainland. There is little doubt but that the remote ancestors of the Jersey breed of cattle were identical with the common stock found on this neighboring mainland, where cattle of similar form and color can still be seen. In the 18th century the cattle of this island, not 30 miles around, were set apart from those of the rest of the world by laws prohibiting the importation of any cattle. These laws have been in force since 1763, or for about 40 generations in the life scale of cattle. The Royal Jersey Agricultural Society has systematically tried to standardize the animals by drawing up scales of points and guiding the breeding operations of the individual farmers. The Jerseys of America were imported from this island stock, most of the importations being from the latter quarter of the 19th century to the present day. The million or so progeny from these imported cattle have been kept separate from the other cattle by registration of pure breeding. They have become distributed over the whole United States.
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ورودعنوان ژورنال:
- Genetics
دوره 18 5 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2003